8+ Best Police Apps for Android: Stay Safe


8+ Best Police Apps for Android: Stay Safe

Software program functions designed for units working on the Android platform and utilized by regulation enforcement personnel represent a major class of instruments. These functions embody a spread of functionalities, together with incident reporting, crime mapping, digital proof administration, and real-time communication capabilities. An instance may be an software that enables officers to electronically file incident stories straight from the sphere, eliminating the necessity for paper-based documentation and streamlining administrative processes.

The adoption of those digital options affords quite a few benefits to policing companies. Enhanced effectivity in knowledge assortment and dissemination, improved situational consciousness by way of entry to up-to-date data, and optimized useful resource allocation are key advantages. Traditionally, regulation enforcement relied closely on analog strategies for communication and record-keeping. The shift towards digital instruments, facilitated by developments in cellular expertise and software program improvement, marks a considerable evolution in operational effectiveness and public security efforts.

The next sections will delve into particular kinds of functions generally employed by regulation enforcement, exploring their options, functionalities, and impression on trendy policing methods. This consists of an examination of communication instruments, knowledge evaluation platforms, and neighborhood engagement assets accessible to officers.

1. Communication

Efficient communication is an indispensable element of contemporary policing, and Android-based functions play a significant function in facilitating this perform. These functions provide safe channels for regulation enforcement personnel to alternate data in real-time, enabling coordinated responses to unfolding incidents. The flexibility to speak instantaneously throughout various models and areas is paramount in conditions requiring swift motion. As an illustration, throughout a high-speed pursuit, officers can share updates on the suspect’s location, car description, and any noticed threats, enabling a extra environment friendly and safer apprehension. This functionality contrasts sharply with conventional radio communications, which might be prone to interference, restricted vary, and lack the capability for transmitting detailed visible or textual knowledge.

Moreover, many of those functions incorporate options past fundamental voice communication. Textual content messaging, picture and video sharing, and built-in mapping instruments contribute to a extra complete understanding of the scenario at hand. For instance, officers responding to a home disturbance name can discreetly share images of the scene or ground plans of the constructing, enabling tactical planning earlier than partaking with the people concerned. Furthermore, safe messaging protocols be certain that delicate data stays confidential, safeguarding each the integrity of the investigation and the privateness of people concerned. The combination of translation options inside these apps additionally addresses communication limitations when interacting with non-English audio system, guaranteeing equitable entry to regulation enforcement companies.

In conclusion, the communication functionalities inside police apps for Android considerably improve the effectivity, security, and effectiveness of regulation enforcement operations. Whereas challenges associated to community connectivity and knowledge safety stay, the advantages of real-time data sharing and enhanced coordination are plain. The continuing improvement and refinement of those functions characterize an important funding in trendy policing methods, selling public security and constructing belief inside communities.

2. Information Safety

Information safety is a paramount concern when deploying software program functions for regulation enforcement on the Android platform. The sensitivity of knowledge dealt with by these functions, together with private identifiers, felony data, and investigative particulars, necessitates sturdy safety measures. A breach of knowledge safety can result in extreme penalties, starting from compromising ongoing investigations to violating the privateness rights of residents. Think about a situation the place unencrypted knowledge transmitted by way of a police software is intercepted by malicious actors. This might expose confidential informant identities, jeopardizing their security and undermining future intelligence gathering efforts. The hyperlink between knowledge safety and operational integrity is subsequently direct and significant.

Efficient knowledge safety protocols inside functions meant for policing embody a number of layers. Encryption, each in transit and at relaxation, is key. Entry controls have to be rigorously carried out, guaranteeing that solely licensed personnel can entry particular knowledge primarily based on their roles and obligations. Common safety audits and penetration testing are important to determine and remediate vulnerabilities earlier than they are often exploited. Actual-world examples illustrate the potential penalties of neglecting knowledge safety. The unauthorized entry to a database containing arrest data, enabled by insufficient safety measures in a police software, could possibly be used for identification theft or extortion. Conversely, the implementation of multi-factor authentication and biometric entry controls considerably reduces the chance of unauthorized entry, defending delicate data and sustaining the integrity of regulation enforcement operations.

In conclusion, knowledge safety is just not merely an adjunct to software program designed for police use however an integral element that underpins its performance and legitimacy. The challenges inherent in securing delicate knowledge require a proactive and multi-faceted strategy, encompassing encryption, entry controls, common audits, and ongoing safety consciousness coaching for personnel. Failure to prioritize knowledge safety can have extreme repercussions, eroding public belief and compromising the effectiveness of regulation enforcement efforts. The long-term success of leveraging expertise to boost policing hinges on the unwavering dedication to safeguarding the info entrusted to those programs.

3. Incident Reporting

The digitization of incident reporting by way of devoted software program functions for regulation enforcement working on the Android platform represents a basic shift in operational effectivity. Conventional paper-based reporting programs are sometimes cumbersome, time-consuming, and susceptible to errors. These functions streamline the method, enabling officers to seize and transmit incident particulars straight from the sphere, bettering accuracy and decreasing administrative overhead.

  • Actual-Time Information Seize

    Purposes enable officers to file incident data, together with narrative descriptions, images, and GPS coordinates, in real-time on the scene. This fast seize eliminates delays related to returning to the station to file stories. For instance, in a site visitors accident situation, officers can doc car injury with images and file witness statements straight into the appliance, guaranteeing that every one related particulars are captured precisely and promptly. The implication is a extra complete file of the incident, facilitating subsequent investigations and authorized proceedings.

  • Standardized Reporting Kinds

    Purposes incorporate standardized reporting kinds that guarantee consistency in knowledge assortment throughout completely different incidents and jurisdictions. This standardization simplifies knowledge evaluation and reporting on the company degree. As an illustration, a standardized home violence incident kind would possibly embody necessary fields for the connection between the events concerned, the kind of abuse perpetrated, and any prior historical past of incidents. The constant use of those kinds permits companies to determine tendencies and allocate assets successfully to deal with particular crime patterns.

  • Geospatial Integration

    Many functions combine mapping functionalities that mechanically seize the placement of an incident utilizing GPS expertise. This geospatial knowledge can be utilized for crime mapping and hotspot evaluation, permitting companies to determine areas with excessive incident charges and deploy assets accordingly. For instance, a spike in burglaries in a particular neighborhood might be visualized on a map, enabling officers to focus patrols in that space throughout peak hours. The combination of geospatial knowledge enhances situational consciousness and permits data-driven decision-making.

  • Safe Information Transmission and Storage

    Police functions make use of encryption protocols to make sure the safe transmission of incident knowledge from the sphere to central databases. Safe storage mechanisms, comparable to cloud-based servers with entry controls, shield delicate data from unauthorized entry. For instance, an software would possibly use end-to-end encryption to guard the confidentiality of incident stories containing private identifiers and investigative particulars. The emphasis on safe knowledge dealing with is essential to sustaining public belief and complying with privateness rules.

See also  7+ Scary Halloween Ringtones: Michael Myers Android!

The digitization of incident reporting by way of these Android-based functions not solely enhances effectivity and accuracy but additionally facilitates data-driven policing methods. The flexibility to seize, analyze, and make the most of incident knowledge in real-time empowers regulation enforcement companies to reply extra successfully to crime and enhance public security.

4. Crime Mapping

Crime mapping, built-in inside software program functions designed for regulation enforcement on the Android platform, constitutes a significant element of contemporary policing methods. Its significance lies in reworking uncooked crime knowledge into visually interpretable patterns and tendencies. The implementation of crime mapping inside these functions permits regulation enforcement companies to spatially analyze crime incidents, figuring out hotspots and informing useful resource allocation. For instance, a surge in car thefts clustered inside a particular geographic space, as revealed by way of crime mapping, can immediate a focused deployment of patrol models to that location, performing as a deterrent and probably stopping additional incidents. The direct consequence of efficient crime mapping is improved situational consciousness, permitting for extra proactive and data-driven policing.

The sensible software of crime mapping inside these functions extends past merely figuring out crime hotspots. It facilitates the evaluation of crime patterns in relation to different environmental components, comparable to socioeconomic indicators, inhabitants density, and transportation networks. This enables regulation enforcement to grasp the underlying causes of crime and develop focused prevention methods. As an illustration, if crime mapping reveals a correlation between excessive ranges of unemployment and property crime charges in a specific space, companies can collaborate with neighborhood organizations to implement job coaching applications and different initiatives geared toward addressing the foundation causes of crime. Moreover, these functions enable for the sharing of crime maps with different regulation enforcement companies, enabling coordinated responses to cross-jurisdictional crime tendencies.

In abstract, crime mapping built-in inside police apps for Android empowers regulation enforcement companies with the power to research, interpret, and reply to crime patterns successfully. Whereas challenges stay in guaranteeing knowledge accuracy and sustaining privateness, the advantages of data-driven policing are plain. This integration represents an important step towards a extra proactive and evidence-based strategy to regulation enforcement, bettering public security and fostering stronger neighborhood relationships.

5. Proof Administration

The efficient administration of proof is a cornerstone of the justice system, and Android-based functions designed for police forces play a crucial function in streamlining and securing this course of. The connection between these functions and proof dealing with lies of their skill to offer a digital chain of custody, guaranteeing that proof is tracked and accounted for from the second of assortment to its presentation in courtroom. An actual-world instance would contain an officer utilizing an software to {photograph} a criminal offense scene, cataloging every merchandise of proof with a singular identifier, GPS coordinates, and a timestamp. This digital file eliminates the paradox typically related to conventional paper-based strategies, decreasing the chance of proof tampering or loss. The significance of proof administration as a core element is underscored by its direct impression on the integrity of investigations and the profitable prosecution of offenders.

Additional functionalities inside these functions enable for the safe storage and retrieval of digital proof, comparable to movies, audio recordings, and digital paperwork. These supplies might be uploaded straight from the sphere and saved in encrypted databases, guaranteeing their confidentiality and stopping unauthorized entry. The flexibility to shortly search and entry related proof throughout an investigation considerably improves effectivity. For instance, detectives investigating a collection of burglaries can use the appliance to seek for all situations the place a specific device was discovered at a criminal offense scene, probably linking a number of instances and figuring out a suspect. This integration with different analytical instruments gives enhanced insights and aids within the improvement of investigative leads. The sensible significance of this strategy lies in its skill to modernize proof administration practices, decreasing the executive burden on regulation enforcement companies and bettering the accuracy and reliability of proof introduced in courtroom.

In conclusion, the combination of proof administration functionalities into Android-based police functions represents a considerable development in regulation enforcement capabilities. Whereas challenges associated to knowledge storage capability and the compatibility of various programs stay, the advantages of improved proof monitoring, safe storage, and enhanced retrieval capabilities are plain. The continuing improvement and refinement of those functions are important for guaranteeing that proof is dealt with with the best degree of integrity, contributing to a extra simply and efficient authorized system.

6. Useful resource Allocation

Police functions for Android platforms straight impression useful resource allocation inside regulation enforcement companies. These functions present real-time knowledge and analytical capabilities, enabling knowledgeable selections relating to the deployment of personnel and gear. The cause-and-effect relationship is obvious: exact knowledge on crime patterns, incident areas, and response timesgathered and analyzed by these applicationsfacilitates a extra environment friendly and focused allocation of assets. As an illustration, if an software’s crime mapping perform reveals a surge in robberies in a particular district throughout night hours, the precinct commander can allocate extra patrol models to that space throughout these instances. The significance of useful resource allocation as a element lies in its skill to optimize regulation enforcement’s effectiveness, guaranteeing that personnel and gear are deployed the place they’re most wanted. An actual-life instance consists of the usage of predictive policing algorithms, built-in into these functions, to forecast crime hotspots and proactively allocate assets to stop incidents earlier than they happen. The sensible significance of this understanding is that higher useful resource allocation results in decreased crime charges, improved response instances, and enhanced neighborhood security.

Additional evaluation reveals that police functions additionally streamline administrative processes, releasing up personnel for frontline duties. Digital incident reporting, for instance, reduces the time spent on paperwork, permitting officers to spend extra time patrolling the streets or investigating instances. The appliance’s skill to trace officer areas and actions permits supervisors to watch useful resource utilization and determine areas the place changes are wanted. For instance, a supervisor would possibly discover that officers are spending an inordinate period of time responding to minor calls in a specific space, prompting a overview of dispatch protocols and the implementation of other response methods, comparable to neighborhood policing initiatives. The combination of those functions with different programs, comparable to Pc-Aided Dispatch (CAD) and Information Administration Techniques (RMS), additional enhances useful resource allocation by offering a complete view of company operations.

See also  8+ Best Palm Software for Android in 2024

In conclusion, police functions for Android platforms play a crucial function in optimizing useful resource allocation inside regulation enforcement companies. The actual-time knowledge, analytical capabilities, and streamlined processes offered by these functions allow knowledgeable decision-making, resulting in improved effectivity, decreased crime charges, and enhanced neighborhood security. Whereas challenges stay in guaranteeing knowledge accuracy, sustaining privateness, and addressing technological disparities, the potential advantages of those functions for useful resource allocation are plain, representing an important step in direction of a extra data-driven and efficient strategy to regulation enforcement.

7. Situational Consciousness

Situational consciousness, a crucial component of efficient policing, is considerably enhanced by regulation enforcement software program on the Android platform. These functions present officers with entry to real-time data, reworking the standard reliance on radio communication and static knowledge sources. A direct consequence of this accessibility is an officer’s skill to make extra knowledgeable selections in quickly evolving situations. As an illustration, responding to a possible lively shooter scenario, an officer outfitted with an software offering reside video feeds from surveillance cameras throughout the constructing positive aspects a crucial benefit. The significance of situational consciousness, as a element, permits faster and extra decisive motion, probably saving lives. An actual-life instance consists of police utilizing such functions to watch protests, permitting for early identification of potential escalations and the strategic deployment of assets to keep up order. This understanding’s sensible significance lies in its contribution to safer and more practical policing operations.

Additional evaluation reveals that police functions improve situational consciousness by integrating various knowledge streams right into a single interface. Mapping instruments, crime statistics, and suspect data might be accessed instantaneously, offering a complete understanding of the operational atmosphere. Moreover, integration with exterior databases, comparable to car registration data and felony historical past repositories, permits officers to shortly confirm data and assess potential threats. For instance, throughout a site visitors cease, an officer can use the appliance to test the motive force’s license, car registration, and any excellent warrants, gaining fast consciousness of potential dangers. The capability to share this data securely with different officers fosters coordinated responses and enhances general crew consciousness, making a shared operational image.

In conclusion, the connection between situational consciousness and police functions for Android units is plain. These functions empower regulation enforcement personnel with the info and instruments wanted to make knowledgeable selections, reply successfully to evolving conditions, and improve neighborhood security. Whereas challenges related to knowledge safety and the potential for data overload have to be addressed, the advantages of enhanced situational consciousness for contemporary policing are important. This integration represents a basic shift towards a extra proactive, data-driven, and efficient strategy to regulation enforcement.

8. Neighborhood Engagement

Neighborhood engagement, as a element of contemporary policing, is more and more facilitated by software program functions designed for Android units. These functions purpose to bridge the hole between regulation enforcement and the communities they serve, fostering transparency and constructing belief. The effectiveness of policing is commonly contingent upon the diploma of neighborhood help and cooperation, making engagement a strategic crucial.

  • Citizen Reporting Platforms

    Sure functions present residents with the power to report non-emergency incidents on to the police division. These stories might embody points comparable to noise complaints, vandalism, or suspicious exercise. By streamlining the reporting course of, these functions empower residents to actively take part in sustaining the protection and high quality of life of their neighborhoods. An actual-world instance consists of functions that enable customers to submit photographic proof and site knowledge together with their stories, offering regulation enforcement with extra detailed data. This direct line of communication fosters a way of shared duty and promotes collaborative problem-solving.

  • Info Dissemination Instruments

    Police functions can function efficient instruments for disseminating data to the general public. These functions might present updates on crime tendencies, site visitors advisories, and neighborhood occasions. By proactively sharing data, regulation enforcement companies can maintain residents knowledgeable and engaged in native security initiatives. As an illustration, an software would possibly ship out alerts relating to current burglaries in a specific neighborhood, advising residents to take precautionary measures. This proactive strategy not solely enhances neighborhood consciousness but additionally builds belief by demonstrating a dedication to transparency and open communication.

  • Suggestions Mechanisms

    Some functions incorporate options that enable residents to offer suggestions on police companies. This suggestions can be utilized to enhance police practices and improve accountability. For instance, an software would possibly embody a survey that enables residents to charge their satisfaction with police response instances or the professionalism of officers. By actively soliciting suggestions, regulation enforcement companies can determine areas for enchancment and construct stronger relationships with the neighborhood. The information collected by way of these suggestions mechanisms will also be used to tell coverage selections and useful resource allocation.

  • Neighborhood Watch Integration

    Police functions can combine with present neighborhood watch applications, offering a platform for communication and coordination. These functions might enable neighborhood watch members to share data with one another and with regulation enforcement, fostering a stronger sense of neighborhood and collective duty. As an illustration, an software would possibly embody a characteristic that enables neighborhood watch members to report suspicious exercise to a central database, which is monitored by each regulation enforcement and different members of the group. This built-in strategy enhances the effectiveness of neighborhood watch applications and strengthens the partnership between regulation enforcement and the neighborhood.

The combination of neighborhood engagement options into police functions for Android represents a shift in direction of a extra collaborative and community-oriented strategy to policing. By offering residents with the instruments to report incidents, entry data, present suggestions, and join with their neighbors, these functions contribute to a stronger sense of neighborhood and enhanced public security. Whereas challenges associated to accessibility, privateness, and knowledge safety have to be addressed, the potential advantages of those functions for fostering optimistic relationships between regulation enforcement and the communities they serve are important.

Regularly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to the utilization, safety, and performance of software program functions designed for regulation enforcement on the Android platform. These functions serve a spread of functions, and understanding their capabilities and limitations is essential for each regulation enforcement professionals and the general public.

Query 1: What kinds of knowledge are sometimes collected by regulation enforcement functions on Android units?

These functions might gather quite a lot of knowledge, relying on their particular performance. Widespread knowledge factors embody incident stories, location knowledge, photographic and video proof, audio recordings, communication logs, and private data of people concerned in incidents or investigations. Information assortment practices ought to adhere to authorized rules and company insurance policies relating to privateness and knowledge retention.

Query 2: How is the safety of knowledge dealt with by these functions, and what measures are in place to stop unauthorized entry?

Information safety is a paramount concern. Respected functions make use of encryption protocols to guard knowledge each in transit and at relaxation. Entry controls are carried out to limit entry to licensed personnel solely. Common safety audits and penetration testing are carried out to determine and remediate vulnerabilities. Compliance with business requirements and authorities rules relating to knowledge safety is important.

See also  Insta360 & Android: Does It Work? 6+ Tips!

Query 3: What are the authorized issues surrounding the usage of facial recognition expertise inside regulation enforcement functions?

The usage of facial recognition expertise is topic to authorized and moral scrutiny. Legal guidelines range by jurisdiction, and a few areas have imposed restrictions or outright bans on its use. Issues relating to accuracy, bias, and potential for misuse have to be fastidiously addressed. Regulation enforcement companies should set up clear insurance policies and procedures governing the usage of facial recognition expertise, guaranteeing adherence to authorized rules and safety of civil liberties.

Query 4: How do these functions contribute to neighborhood policing efforts, and what options promote transparency and accountability?

Sure functions facilitate neighborhood policing by way of options comparable to citizen reporting platforms, data dissemination instruments, and suggestions mechanisms. These options enable residents to report non-emergency incidents, entry details about crime tendencies and neighborhood occasions, and supply suggestions on police companies. Transparency is enhanced by offering the general public with entry to details about police actions and insurance policies. Accountability is promoted by way of suggestions mechanisms and data-driven efficiency evaluations.

Query 5: What are the constraints of counting on these functions, and what are potential drawbacks that needs to be thought-about?

Relying solely on these functions can current limitations. Dependence on expertise might create vulnerabilities within the occasion of system failures or cyberattacks. Information accuracy and reliability are contingent on the standard of knowledge enter and the integrity of the underlying algorithms. Potential drawbacks embody the chance of knowledge overload, the potential for bias in knowledge evaluation, and the necessity for ongoing coaching and technical help.

Query 6: How are these functions built-in with present regulation enforcement programs, comparable to computer-aided dispatch (CAD) and data administration programs (RMS)?

Integration with present programs is essential for guaranteeing seamless knowledge stream and operational effectivity. Purposes needs to be designed to interface with CAD and RMS programs, permitting for the alternate of knowledge between completely different platforms. This integration permits a complete view of regulation enforcement operations and facilitates data-driven decision-making. Interoperability requirements needs to be adopted to make sure compatibility throughout completely different programs.

In abstract, police functions for Android units provide a spread of potential advantages, together with improved effectivity, enhanced situational consciousness, and strengthened neighborhood engagement. Nevertheless, cautious consideration have to be given to knowledge safety, authorized rules, and potential limitations to make sure accountable and moral use.

The following part will delve into the long run tendencies and rising applied sciences within the realm of police functions for Android.

Suggestions for Choosing and Implementing Regulation Enforcement Purposes on Android

The efficient choice and implementation of Android functions designed for regulation enforcement functions require cautious consideration of a number of crucial components. The following tips purpose to offer steering for companies in search of to leverage expertise to boost operational effectivity and public security.

Tip 1: Prioritize Information Safety: Prioritize functions that provide sturdy encryption and entry controls. Information safety is paramount when dealing with delicate data, and encryption protocols needs to be employed each in transit and at relaxation. Entry controls needs to be carried out primarily based on the precept of least privilege, granting customers solely the entry essential to carry out their duties. Common safety audits are important.

Tip 2: Guarantee System Integration: Confirm that the appliance seamlessly integrates with present regulation enforcement programs, comparable to computer-aided dispatch (CAD) and data administration programs (RMS). Interoperability is essential for guaranteeing environment friendly knowledge stream and avoiding knowledge silos. Purposes needs to be designed to adjust to business requirements for knowledge alternate.

Tip 3: Consider Consumer Interface and Consumer Expertise (UI/UX): Choose functions with intuitive and user-friendly interfaces. Officers within the area want to have the ability to entry data and carry out duties shortly and effectively. Cluttered or complicated interfaces can hinder efficiency and improve the chance of errors. Think about field-testing the appliance with a consultant group of officers earlier than making a remaining resolution.

Tip 4: Assess Scalability and Flexibility: Select functions that may scale to accommodate future progress and evolving wants. Regulation enforcement companies ought to anticipate modifications in expertise and operational necessities. Purposes needs to be adaptable to new functionalities and able to integrating with rising applied sciences. Modular designs provide larger flexibility.

Tip 5: Confirm Compliance with Authorized Laws: Affirm that the appliance complies with all relevant authorized rules and privateness legal guidelines. This consists of rules governing knowledge assortment, storage, and dissemination. Companies ought to seek the advice of with authorized counsel to make sure compliance with federal, state, and native legal guidelines.

Tip 6: Set up Clear Insurance policies and Procedures: Develop complete insurance policies and procedures governing the usage of regulation enforcement functions. These insurance policies ought to handle points comparable to knowledge safety, privateness, and acceptable use. Coaching applications needs to be carried out to make sure that all personnel are conversant in these insurance policies and procedures.

Tip 7: Conduct Thorough Testing and Analysis: Previous to full deployment, conduct thorough testing and analysis of the appliance in a practical operational atmosphere. This testing ought to embody useful testing, efficiency testing, and safety testing. Suggestions from officers and different stakeholders needs to be integrated into the analysis course of.

Tip 8: Prioritize Vendor Assist and Coaching: Choose distributors that provide complete coaching and ongoing technical help. Regulation enforcement companies ought to be certain that personnel are adequately educated on the usage of the appliance and that technical help is available to deal with any points which will come up.

The cautious consideration and implementation of the following tips will help regulation enforcement companies in deciding on and deploying Android functions that improve operational effectiveness, promote knowledge safety, and contribute to public security.

The following sections will discover future tendencies and rising applied sciences associated to regulation enforcement functions, additional shaping the panorama of contemporary policing.

Conclusion

This exploration of software program functions tailor-made for regulation enforcement on the Android platform has illuminated their multifaceted functionalities and important impression on trendy policing. The dialogue has encompassed communication instruments, knowledge safety protocols, incident reporting programs, crime mapping capabilities, proof administration options, useful resource allocation methods, situational consciousness enhancements, and neighborhood engagement initiatives. The pervasive affect of those functions underscores their integral function in up to date regulation enforcement operations.

The continued development and accountable implementation of ‘police apps for android’ are paramount. Vigilance regarding knowledge safety, adherence to authorized and moral pointers, and a dedication to fostering neighborhood belief stay important. The way forward for policing is inextricably linked to expertise; subsequently, ongoing analysis and adaptation are vital to make sure that these instruments serve to boost public security and uphold the rules of justice.

Leave a Comment